First of all, you have to identify the tank as being an M4(75) with small hatches. Please visit this page to do so.

Baldwin Locomotive Works began Sherman production at its plant in Eddystone, Pennsylvania in October 1942. After manufacturing just twelve M4A2s, the company switched over to the production of M4s. Baldwin made a total of 1233 M4(75)s with "Dry Stowage" from January, 1943 through January, 1944.

Production Order T-3029 : 12 M4A2(75) and 388 M4(75) tanks manufactured (Oct 1942 - May 1943)  : Serial number 1905 / USA 3010759 through  S/N 2304 / USA 3011158
Production Order T-3291 : 845 M4(75) tanks manufactured (May 1943 - Jan 1944) Serial Number 15435 / USA 3022537 through S/N 16279 / USA 3023381

Most surviving Baldwin M4s are noted to have "fabricated" head lamp sockets. Above shows a comparison of the "fabricated" versus the cast part used by most manufacturers. These, as well as the fabricated antenna brackets and bow MG sockets were on nearly the entire production of small hatch M4A2(75)s manufactured by Fisher Body. Indeed, the authors would speculate that Baldwin received its supplies of these fabricated components from Fisher Body. We would note in passing that the use of cast head lamp sockets was discontinued with the introduction of the 2nd Generation, 47 degree welded hull Shermans. These models used simple fabricated D-shaped head lamp sockets.




Here we see Serial Number 16235 on display at the Museu do Comando Militar do Sul in Porto Alegre, Brazil. This unit would have been accepted in December 1943, and was one of 53 M4s supplied to Brazil as Lend Lease in 1944. It would appear that Brazil was shipped a good number of Baldwin M4s. The authors of "M4 Sherman No Brasil" included a list of the Ordnance Serial Numbers ("No Fabricação") of quite a few of the Shermans received as either WW II Lend Lease or 1950's Military Defense Assistance. Thirty are Baldwin M4 SNs running from 15833 (September 1943) through 16274 (January 1944). Note that SN 16235 has cast headlamp sockets (1), which would suggest Baldwin may have had more than one supplier for that particular part. Another Baldwin "quirk" has to do with the head lamp plug holders (2). By mid 1943, the other builders had altered the orientation from parallel to the glacis to vertical. Baldwin appears to have continued with the original configuration to the end of production. Baldwin built Shermans are seen with all three types of differential or final drive housings. The 3-piece and original 1-piece housings appear to have been used interchangeably until September 1943, when the Ordnance Department mandated that all US Sherman production was to incorporate the improved, sharp nosed 1-piece final drive, Part Number E8543. An Ordnance document has it that the “effective point” at Baldwin for the change over to the E8543 final drive housing occurred on 30 September 1943 at Serial Number 15891. This particular housing can be seen to be the early iteration with the cast in steps (circled). It was found that the steps interfered with the working of the quick release towing shackles that had been introduced with the new final drive. Consequently, the cast steps were soon eliminated and replaced with welded on steps. Note the “locking device" or what has informally come to be known as “the comb” (3). This provided an external means of unlocking the brakes of an AFV without damaging the shipping sealant. The notches in the metal strip on this example are typical of the combs employed by the Chester Tank Depot in Pennsylvania.

   

The many cast components used on the Sherman are often seen with raised part numbers and foundry logos on them. (Armor plate has the same information stamped into its surface.) Baldwin hulls, like most Sherman hulls, were constructed with cast turret bullet splash guard sections. We’ve circled the raised numbers, letters and symbols on a couple of the splash sections in the photos above. Also of note are the very large raised numbers seen on the ventilator housing in the photo on the left.. This is an unusual feature that was most likely a trait of the particular company that cast them. A number of these have been seen with a “Star-G,” the caster’s logo of the Symington-Gould Company on the deflector piece (inset). While not exclusive to Baldwin M4s, the "big number" ventilators can be seen on many of the surviving examples.


    

Nearly all of the known surviving Baldwin M4s, and tanks identified as such in period photos, have been seen with the most common type of hull lifting ring castings. We consider these to be the “standard” lifting rings, since they were installed on the vast majority of Shermans produced from January/February 1943 to the end of production. Period photos and two extant examples suggest that early production Baldwin M4s were outfitted with the so called "padded" hull lifting rings, as shown below. Based on the available evidence, the authors speculate that Baldwin transitioned from the "padded" to the “standard” hull lifting rings in February, 1943.


       

The photo on the left above shows the front "padded" hull lifting rings that appear on two surviving Baldwin M4s, Serial Numbers 1940 and 1948. Both of these would have been accepted in February, 1943, shortly before Baldwin completed the transition to the “standard” hull lifting ring castings shown in the previous caption. The shape of these particular “padded” lifting rings has not as yet been seen by the authors on other types of Shermans, so may have been utilized for a short time only by Baldwin. Note that SN 1940 features the most common version of the rear "padded" hull lifting ring casting (center photo), whereas the rings on SN 1948 are the only ones we have encountered with the shape as seen in the right side photo.


   

Period photos show Baldwin M4s with either pressed metal spoke (as on USA 3022577 above) or welded spoke bogie wheels. The tanks can also be seen with the most common type of sprocket. For want of a better term, the authors refer to this as "the plain sprocket."


   



   

Occasionally, modelers ask if it is possible to determine the appearance of the front configuration of a Sherman if all one has as reference is a photo of the rear. In the case of the two 755th Tank Battalion M4s shown above and based on the M3 style hinges that are visible, we would suggest that these tanks would have had the unmodified Baldwin glacis pattern. The round air cleaners installed on both tanks appear on most, but not all surviving Baldwin M4s. These units are not equipped with the "long" trailer towing pintle, suggesting that their serial numbers would be lower than 2150, assuming the introduction information given in the "Effective Points" doc is accurate. The Signal Corps photo on the left is dated 12 January 1944 and captioned, "American tanks (M-4s of the 755th Tank Bn.) advancing on the road toward Acqua-Fondata." In the photo, the picturesque town of Acquafondata is seen on the hill. It was liberated on 12 January by elements of the French Expeditionary Corps just before the start of the Battle for Cassino. This M4 can be seen with the "Speed Number" "A-3". There is another photo of "A-3" taken from the front that shows it with an M34 Gun Mount, and oddly, the “WE 210”, “Double I” rubber block tracks that the British had ordered for their Grant Medium Tanks. The SC photo on the right is dated 9 November 1944, and captioned "Livergnano Area...Tank of the 755th Tank Bn., 91st Div., is dug into the mud on the Fifth Army front. Extra ammunition is piled ready as the gun fires on enemy positions." The divisions of the US II Corps, including the 91st ID, fought themselves to exhaustion trying to break through the last mountain barriers before the Po Valley and finally "reverted to the defensive" at the end of October 1944. During the winter of 1944/45, the front was more or less static, and the primary mission of tanks became artillery support such as shown here. In this view, Speed Number B-9, can be seen with an M34 Gun Mount.


   

The only other builder thought to have made M4s with direct vision was Pressed Steel Car. Coincidentally, both Baldwin and PSC M4s have vertical upper rear hull plates, as opposed  to the angled plates featured on ALCO, Pullman and Chrysler M4s. The above photos show an M4 used at Aberdeen Proving Ground in November 1943 as a test platform for the T34 Multiple Rocket Launcher. One can see the vertical upper rear hull plate along with the rounded appearance of the lower rear hull plate as it joins to the belly plate. This tank can be seen to be Serial Number 15747 / USA 3022849, indicating August 1943 acceptance. It has most of the modifications that were available at that time. These were mandated to be installed at the factory as the various modification kits entered the production pipeline, and provided the builder was able to obtain sufficient supplies of them. As a backup, Tank Depots were required to install any missing modifications to Shermans headed overseas. This particular M4 can be seen to have a "no pistol port" turret. These were just entering the production lines in August, and it is thought that Baldwin would have finished out their M4 program with this type of turret.


   





   

Internal memos state that Baldwin Locomotive transitioned from the M34 to the M34A1 Gun Mount in April 1943. Thus, between 200 and 300 of their first Shermans would have been made with the M34. The M34A1 with telescopic sight was considered an essential modification before D-Day. That is why the reader would be hard pressed to find a photo taken in Northwest Europe of an M4 or M4A1 of any make with the early type gun mount. Not so in the secondary theater of Italy where some Shermans served relatively unmodified right to the end. The photo above left datelined Italy Jan. 5, 1944, shows "Angela Mia," an M4 thought to have served with the 751st Tank Battalion. A close examination of the original print revealed the Registration Number to be USA 3010772, which would correspond to the second Baldwin M4. Note the M34 Gun Mount, vertical upper rear hull plate and the "padded" lifting ring. The image on the right is a blow up of a well known Signal Corps photo that shows a good portion of the 752nd Tank Battalion along with elements of the 805th Tank Destroyer Battalion, gathered in the Plaza Emanuel in Bologna, April 21, 1945. At the time, the 752nd had two companies of M4A3(76)s, but still retained one company of its older M4s and M4A1s. The Sherman in the center with direct vision and the distinctively shaped antenna bracket, certainly suggests a Baldwin M4. This tank appears to be nearly as built, except for the appliqué armor patch on the turret, one of the few modification kits sent to the Mediterranean Theater of Operations in 1943.




The greatest portion of the M4s manufactured in 1943 were sent overseas. Some Baldwin M4s were provided as Lend Lease to the Commonwealth, including a few that were converted to Fireflies. Above is an M4 identified as Serial Number 15970, indicating October 1943 acceptance. The British used this tank in Italy in September 1944 to test Platypus Grousers. Note the late, sharp nosed differential housing introduced at Baldwin in September, 1943. This tank has been outfitted with practically every modification available in the Fall of 1943, including the gun travel lock and periscope guards. Based on internal documents, the authors posit that all of these mods were factory installed from late September until the end of production. While not easily apparent, this tank has a "no pistol port" turret.


This photo shows Baldwin M4, Serial Number 15473, currently preserved in Rennes, France. There is a good chance that this tank may have served with the US Army, or perhaps the French during WW II. When examining surviving Shermans, one must keep in mind that most no longer reflect their WW II appearance. Parts were substituted to keep the tanks running in the post war period, or even just to complete a monument display. For instance, # 15473 (May,1943 acceptance) would have been built with an M34A1 Gun Mount. The M34 it has now is typical of those used on early production M4A4s.  The commanders' vision cupola upgrade and many of the bogie wheels were most likely postwar additions as well.




   

These three photos (courtesy of Michel Van Loon) show an M4 hulk that was photographed on a target range in Brasschaat, Belgium. Despite its condition, it was possible to read the Serial Number as 16276. This was one of the last Shermans built by Baldwin ( the final unit was SN 16279), and was accepted in January 1944. It has the late, sharp nosed E8543 differential housing, but “still” has direct vision blocks, which would tend to confirm that Baldwin Shermans used direct vision hulls right up until the end of production. On the other hand, this was the first Baldwin M4 we encountered that contradicted our original working theory that all them were built with fabricated antenna and bow mg sockets. While this tank does have the typical fabricated bow mg socket, the cast antenna bracket was unexpected. This "new" find raises a number of questions... Did others have the cast bracket? If so, was it limited to a few of the last ones? Or was it random throughout production? Finally, we would observe that SN 16276 also has cast as opposed to fabricated head lamp sockets, such as were noted on the Porto Alegre M4 shown earlier.




In September, 2018 another Baldwin M4 with cast antenna bracket “came to light” in Brazil. This tank is on display at the Centro de Instrução de Blindados in Santa Maria City. The Serial Number found on the original Baldwin dataplate, as well as on the rear tow lugs is 16261, which indicates that it is another of the final 43 units accepted in January, 1944. The cast antenna bracket (inset) appears to be welded on in a manner that is very similar to what can be seen on Pressed Steel Car built M4s. As with SN 16276 from the previous caption, this example features cast head lamp sockets. SN 16261 is “still” in very close to “as built” configuration. The orientation of the head lamp plug holders parallel to the glacis appears to have been typical of Baldwin built M4s right up to the end of production. The E8543 differential housing is the “final” version with the welded on steps (circled). Note the “Chester Tank Depot comb” such as seen on the Porto Alegre M4. SN 16261 was one of 53 M4 Shermans shipped to Brazil as Lend Lease in 1944. Colonel Renato Rocha, commanding officer of the 1º Regimento de Carros de Combate, reported that, “In 1945, my Regiment received all 53 M4s and have used them until 1972 when they where exchanged by M41A3 Walker Bulldog.” Photos courtesy of Col. Renato Rocha.




In the 1980s, the Brazilian firm, Moto Peçasa, developed a 30-ton "VBE Eng" (Special Engineering Armored Vehicle) built using the lower hulls of some of the country's obsolete Sherman tanks. According to the authors of "M4 Sherman No Brasil", the "VBE Eng" was powered by a Scania six-cylinder engine and incorporated an upper hull "made of welded steel, in a shape similar to an M113, [US Armored Personnel Carrier] only larger. On its upper part, a hydraulic winch with a capacity of 20t and an articulated boom for lifting loads of up to 10t were included, and at the front a 3.00 x 0.95m earthmoving blade. In addition, it could tow vehicles of up to 40t. In addition to the driver and the vehicle commander, it could carry a crew of up to five men fully equipped for combat engineering missions. It was also equipped with a Browning M2 HB .50 caliber machine gun and four external grenade launchers".  All told, one prototype and five production units were reported to have been manufactured and employed by Combat Engineer units of the Brazilian Army. During a Sherman-spotting tour in Brazil, Pierre-Olivier visited three of the "VBE Engs" and recorded their original Sherman Serial Numbers from the rear tow lugs: 16099, 16248 and 40260. The one shown above was converted from a Baldwin M4, Serial Number 16099 (November 1943) and is on display at the Batalhão Central de Manutenção e Suprimento in Vila Militar in Rio de Janeiro.




Not many Shermans have survived with their original dataplates intact. An original dataplate will include the name of the company that produced the tank, whereas the plates on remanufactured Shermans have the name of the firm that rebuilt the tank, or in some instances, nothing at all. Here is a photo of the original Baldwin dataplate from Serial Number 16261. With the exception of Pacific Car & Foundry, the original Sherman dataplates that we have encountered to date only list the year of production in the box at the lower left. Of the 1233 M4s made by Baldwin Locomotive, all but the last 43 were produced in 1943. Note that “1944” is stamped into the box, indicating that it was one of the units accepted in January, 1944, the final month of Sherman production at Baldwin. Considering all of the changes that had been made to the Sherman by the beginning of 1944, it seems odd that Baldwin M4s “still” had direct vision at that late date. The initials “ D N H” can be seen stamped into the box at the lower right. Col. D. N. Hauseman was the Chief of the Philadelphia Ordnance District from August, 1942 through December, 1943, and oversaw operations at the Baldwin Plant. He was replaced by Col. F. A. McMahon in December, but despite that, his initials appear on this January, 1944 production M4. Photo courtesy of Col. Renato Rocha.